[Children sitting in a classroom, Barcelona]

[People walking into air raid shelter, Barcelona]

[Republican soldier playing guitar, another reading the paper, University City, Madrid]

[A destroyed convent near University City, Madrid]

[Woman and children near fortified wall, Madrid]

[Man in front of a sign saying "succumb or expire but wil be defeated," Madrid]

[Young boy pulling toy truck, Madrid]

[Little girl with two chickens, Madrid]

[Bear being fed through cage, Madrid]

[Woman at hotel front desk speaking with man, Madrid]

[Black sheep in gardens of American Embassy, Madrid]

Loyalist soldier killed during the defense of Barcelona; the body was immediately covered with a Catalan flag

Departure of Republican troops for the front, Barcelona

Vertice

[Militiaman carrying vegetables, Madrid]

[Recruitment and training of the new People's Army, Valencia]

[Workers in a munitions factory, Madrid]

[Air raid victim in the morgue, Valencia]

[Crew of the S.S. Erica Reed, Barcelona]

The Spanish civil war was the first conflict where urban civilian populations were targeted from the air, creating the need for air raid shelters. Island of Minorca

[Worker at a munitions factory, Madrid]

[Republican soldier firing gun through peephole, University City, Madrid]

[Air raid victim in the morgue, Valencia]

[Recruitment and training of the new People's Army, Valencia]