[Volunteer members of International Brigade sitting in a large barrel against a tree, a gun outside, Spain]

The Spanish civil war was the first conflict where urban civilian populations were targeted from the air, creating the need for air raid shelters. Island of Minorca

[Two men holding the heads of Roman Catholic religious statuary, Spain]

[Soldiers before battle attending an outdoor mass, Berriatua, Basque Country, Spain]

Spanish refugees crossing the French border at Le Perthus

[Farewell ceremony for the International volunteers who fought for the Republic of Spain against General Franco, Les Masies, Spain]

[Chicago]

[Steamer]