[Verso of gelatin silver print with sticker]

[Antisemitic boycotts in Poland transformed peddlers into beggars, Lodz, Lublin or Warsaw]

[Beggar standing outside Jewish printing shop during the Polish antisemitic boycotts, Lask]

[Basement dwelling, Przeworsk]

[Chaim Simcha Mechlowitz tilling his fields, Vysni Apsa, Carpathian Ruthenia]

[Student in the yeshiva of Rabbi Baruch Rabinowitz, Mukacevo]

Wilno Rabbi Chayim Grodzenski (under umbrella) and disciples at his summer residence in Iwje, outside Wilno

[Student in cheder (Jewish elementary school), Carpathian Ruthenia]

[Rabbi Baruch Rabinowitz with disciples, Mukacevo]

This Torah is needed by a family that is sitting shivah [Jewish mourning], Mukacevo

[Child in dark courtyard, Warsaw]

[Students gathering outside the yeshiva of Rabbi Baruch Rabinowitz, Mukacevo]

A boy clutching his satchel, Pabianice

Entrance to a kosher hotel, Carpathian Ruthenia

Elder of the village, Tacovo or Uzhorod, Carpathian Ruthenia

[Shoemaker rushing to complete his work before the Sabbath, Warsaw]

Jewish market, Warsaw

[Cheder (Jewish elementary school) students waiting in line for the mikveh (ritual bath), Carpathian Ruthenia]

[Villager, Zabie, Carpathian Ruthenia]

[Vendor selling apples on Gesia Street, one of the main thoroughfares in a Jewish district of Warsaw]

[Roman Vishniac holding his Leica camera, Mukacevo]

[Malnourished child eating a crust of bread in the TOZ (Society for Safeguarding the Health of the Jewish Population) summer camp in Otwock, near Warsaw]

Grandfather and granddaughter, Warsaw

[Yumi Ostreicher, a student in the yeshiva of Rabbi Baruch Rabinowitz, Mukacevo]