[Roman Vishniac’s family membership card for the Kulturbund Deutscher Jüden (Culture League of German Jews)]

As a response to forced exclusion from cultural life following Hitler’s 1933 rise to power, German Jews founded the Kulturbund Deutscher Jüden in order to maintain the activities of the community’s artists, musicians, and actors. Although it, too, came under the control of the Reich Ministry for Propaganda and Popular Entertainment in 1935, its lectures, exhibitions, and performances nonetheless enriched the lives of German Jews under Nazi oppression.